Red Light Therapy and Skincare: What Order to Apply

Last updated: April 2026

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Quick Answer

Red light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, uses specific wavelengths of light to stimulate cellular processes, increasing ATP production and improving cell function. Light therapy has been around for more than 50 years, discovered by Hungarian physician Endre Mester in the 1960s.
The therapy helps improve skin appearance by reducing wrinkles, boosting collagen, and increasing elasticity, while also managing inflammatory skin conditions like acne and psoriasis.
Red light therapy is generally considered low risk, with wavelengths that do not heat the skin, and side effects are rare for most people.
It is important to avoid direct eye exposure; protective eyewear is recommended during treatment, and always choose an FDA-approved device to ensure safety and efficacy.

Red light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, is a non-invasive treatment that uses specific wavelengths of light to stimulate cellular processes, leading to increased ATP production and improved cell function. This technique has steadily gained scientific credibility, even though light therapy has been around for more than 50 years, first discovered by Hungarian physician Endre Mester in the 1960s with experiments on rats that showed hair growth and wound healing Everyday Health's Beginner's Guide to Red Light Therapy. The treatment is generally considered low risk for most individuals because the wavelengths used do not heat the skin. It improves skin appearance by reducing wrinkles, boosting collagen, and increasing elasticity. This also helps manage inflammatory skin conditions such as acne and psoriasis. To integrate red light therapy into a skincare routine effectively, understanding its mechanisms and safety guidelines is crucial for achieving optimal results without adverse effects.

What is Red Light Therapy?

Red light therapy, or photobiomodulation, is a low-level light treatment that directs infrared and near-infrared light onto the skin. This process is distinct from tanning beds or UV rays because it is non-heating and non-damaging, making it a desirable option for various wellness objectives. Travis Baughman, PT, DPT, Cert.MDT, explains, "Red light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, is a low-level light treatment that uses infrared and near-infrared light applied directly to the skin. Unlike tanning beds or UV rays, it’s non-heating and non-damaging—making it appealing for a wide range of wellness goals" LHM Physical Therapy Institute on Red Light Therapy. This gentle approach allows the light to penetrate deeply without causing thermal damage, targeting cellular functions directly.

Understanding the Light Spectrum

Red light therapy utilizes specific wavelengths of light. These wavelengths are crucial because they determine how deeply the light penetrates the skin and what cellular components they interact with. Visible red light typically targets more superficial layers of the skin, addressing concerns like surface texture and tone. In contrast, invisible near-infrared light can penetrate deeper into the tissues, reaching muscles and even cells themselves. This dual-wavelength approach ensures comprehensive treatment, from the outermost layers of the skin to the underlying cellular structures. The precise delivery of these light particles, or photons, beneath the skin's surface is what makes the therapy so effective.

Cellular Mechanisms of Action

When specific wavelengths of light from a red light therapy device hit the skin, they are absorbed by mitochondria. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy. Inside the mitochondria, a specific protein called cytochrome c oxidase absorbs these photons. This absorption triggers a series of beneficial cellular responses. The primary outcome is an increased production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the fundamental energy currency of the cell. More ATP means that cells have more energy to perform their functions efficiently, including repair and regeneration.

Beyond ATP production, red light therapy activates the body’s antioxidant defenses. This helps to reduce oxidative stress, which is a key factor in cellular damage and aging. Additionally, the process leads to the release of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a molecule known for its role in improving blood vessel function and enhancing tissue repair. With this energy boost and improved cellular environment, cells can work harder, repair faster, and function better, leading to a wide range of health benefits. These include improved circulation and reduced inflammation, particularly in the skin.

Historical Context and Scientific Credibility

Light therapy has a history spanning more than 50 years. It was first discovered by the Hungarian physician Endre Mester in the 1960s. Mester's scientific experiments involved red lasers on rats, which unexpectedly led to observations of hair growth and accelerated wound healing. For many years following its discovery, light therapy was largely dismissed by the scientific community, often considered "bogus." However, a surge in new research, despite some conflicting findings, has prompted the scientific community to take renewed notice. This renewed interest is driven by a growing body of evidence supporting its efficacy for various health and aesthetic concerns. The possibilities of red light to treat a variety of health and aesthetic concerns are just emerging, thanks to interest from researchers, universities, and hospitals, as well as the increasing availability of at-home devices.

The term "photobiomodulation," or PBM for short, is another common name for light therapy. Praveen Arany, PhD, DDS, an associate professor at the University of Buffalo and interim director of the Center of Excellence for Photobiomodulation at Shepherd University, notes that other terms for the same therapy include low-level laser treatment (LLLT), photostimulation, and cold laser treatment. This array of terminology reflects the evolving understanding and application of light-based therapies. The consistent underlying principle, however, is the use of specific light wavelengths to stimulate biological processes at a cellular level, leading to therapeutic benefits without invasive procedures or significant side effects.

How Does Red Light Therapy Benefit Your Skin?

Red light therapy offers numerous benefits for skin health by boosting cellular activity and improving overall tissue function. The increased cellular activity resulting from red light therapy is directly linked to improved blood flow, enhanced production of collagen and elastin, and a significant reduction in inflammation. These effects collectively contribute to healthier, more resilient skin. This therapy accelerates tissue healing, which is beneficial for various skin conditions and recovery processes. In some cases, it can even support hair growth, expanding its utility beyond just skin appearance.

Enhancing Skin Appearance and Structure

One of the most sought-after benefits of red light therapy for skincare is its ability to improve overall skin appearance. By stimulating the production of collagen and elastin, the therapy helps to reduce wrinkles and fine lines. Collagen is a protein that provides structure and firmness to the skin, while elastin gives the skin its flexibility and ability to snap back. As we age, the natural production of these proteins decreases, leading to sagging skin and wrinkles. Red light therapy counteracts this process by encouraging cells to produce more of these vital components, leading to firmer, smoother skin. It also increases skin elasticity, making the skin more supple and youthful-looking. The visible red light targets superficial layers of the skin, directly addressing these aesthetic concerns.

Managing Inflammatory Skin Conditions

Red light therapy is also effective in managing various inflammatory skin conditions. Conditions like acne and psoriasis, which are characterized by inflammation and cellular dysfunction, can see significant improvement with consistent red light treatment. The therapy's ability to reduce inflammation at a cellular level helps to calm irritated skin, lessen redness, and promote a healthier skin environment. For acne, the reduction in inflammation can help diminish existing breakouts and prevent new ones. For psoriasis, it can alleviate the scaling and discomfort associated with the condition. This anti-inflammatory action is a key mechanism through which red light therapy provides therapeutic benefits for these challenging skin issues.

Accelerating Wound Healing and Scar Reduction

Beyond aesthetic improvements, red light therapy plays a crucial role in accelerating tissue repair and healing. This benefit extends to supporting recovery from chronic wounds, burns, and surgical incisions. The therapy improves circulation in the treated area, which brings more oxygen and nutrients to the damaged cells, facilitating faster repair. It also reduces scar formation by promoting healthier tissue regeneration. The invisible near-infrared light, which penetrates deeper into the skin, is particularly effective for these types of deep tissue repairs. By enhancing the body's natural healing processes, red light therapy helps to minimize downtime and improve the quality of new tissue growth, leading to better outcomes for various types of skin injuries. This acceleration of tissue repair, improved circulation, and reduction in scar formation are scientifically credible benefits.

Broader Wellness Applications

While our focus is on skincare, it is worth noting that the cellular boost provided by red light therapy extends to other areas of wellness. The same mechanisms that benefit skin—improved blood flow, reduced inflammation, and accelerated tissue healing—also contribute to pain relief for conditions like joint pain, osteoarthritis, and muscle soreness. It can also speed up muscle recovery after workouts or surgery. Whether someone is an athlete, recovering from an injury, or simply seeking better skin health, red light therapy offers potential benefits that warrant exploration. The foundational principle remains the same: by enhancing cellular energy and function, red light therapy supports the body's innate ability to heal and optimize performance.

Is Red Light Therapy Safe for Skincare?

For most individuals, red light therapy is generally considered to be low risk for skincare applications. The wavelengths of light used in these treatments do not generate heat on the skin's surface, which distinguishes it from other light-based therapies that can cause thermal damage. Side effects are rare, contributing to its appeal as a gentle and non-invasive option. However, like any therapeutic intervention, a few precautions are important to ensure safety and maximize benefits.

Understanding the Low-Risk Profile

The inherent safety of red light therapy stems from its non-heating and non-damaging nature. Unlike UV light, which can cause sunburn and long-term skin damage, red and near-infrared light wavelengths work by stimulating cellular processes without causing cellular destruction. This means that treatments typically do not result in burns, blisters, or other common skin irritations associated with more aggressive light therapies. Travis Baughman, PT, DPT, Cert.MDT, emphasizes this, stating that it is "non-heating and non-damaging—making it appealing for a wide range of wellness goals" LHM Physical Therapy Institute on Red Light Therapy. This characteristic makes it suitable for regular use as part of a skincare routine, provided proper guidelines are followed.

Potential Mild Side Effects

While side effects are rare, some individuals may experience mild reactions. People with light-sensitive skin, for example, might notice temporary redness or a slight irritation after a session. This is usually transient and resolves quickly. It is always a good practice to perform a patch test on a small, inconspicuous area of skin before applying red light therapy to a larger area, especially for those with known skin sensitivities. Observing the skin's reaction for a few hours can help determine individual tolerance. If persistent redness, itching, or discomfort occurs, discontinuing use and consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.

Importance of Eye Protection

One critical safety precaution for red light therapy is to avoid direct eye exposure. While the light is generally safe for skin, direct exposure to the eyes, especially for prolonged periods, can potentially cause discomfort or strain. Therefore, protective eyewear is strongly recommended during treatment sessions. Many red light therapy devices come with specialized goggles designed to block the specific wavelengths emitted by the device while still allowing users to see. If protective eyewear is not provided, it is important to acquire appropriate eye protection before starting any treatment. This simple step ensures the safety of the delicate structures of the eye during therapy.

The Role of FDA-Approved Devices

To ensure both safety and efficacy, it is paramount to choose an FDA-approved device. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates medical devices, and their approval signifies that a device has met certain standards for safety and performance. An FDA-approved red light therapy device has undergone rigorous testing to confirm that it delivers the specified wavelengths and intensity consistently and safely. This assurance helps consumers avoid potentially ineffective or even harmful devices that may not meet quality standards. For instance, devices like the Joovv Go 2.0 are classified as over-the-counter Class II medical devices, emitting energy in the visible and IR spectrum intended for purposes like temporary relief of minor muscle pain and temporary increases in local blood circulation Joovv Go 2.0 Treatment Guidelines. Always verify the FDA approval status when purchasing a red light therapy device for at-home use. This step is crucial for peace of mind and to ensure that the device will deliver the promised benefits safely.

How Do You Integrate Red Light Therapy into Your Skincare Routine?

Integrating red light therapy into an existing skincare routine requires understanding the various device types available and following specific setup and usage guidelines. Red light therapy devices come in several forms to accommodate different treatment areas and user preferences, making them versatile tools for skin health. These devices can range from masks worn over the face to wearable caps, hand-held wands for targeted application, and larger panels suitable for treating broader areas like the legs or arms. This variety ensures that users can find a device that fits their specific needs and lifestyle.

Types of Red Light Therapy Devices

The market offers a diverse range of red light therapy devices, each designed for particular applications. Facial masks are popular for directly treating the entire face, addressing wrinkles, acne, and overall skin tone. Wearable caps are often used for scalp treatments, supporting hair growth in some cases. Hand-held wands provide a portable and precise option for targeting specific spots, such as fine lines around the eyes or localized inflammatory areas. For larger body parts, such as the back, chest, or limbs, full-body panels or larger modular systems are available. Joovv devices, for example, are designed as Class II medical devices that emit visible and IR spectrum energy. These are intended to provide topical heating to elevate tissue temperature, offering temporary relief for minor muscle pain, minor arthritis pain, and temporary increases in local blood circulation Joovv Go 2.0 Treatment Guidelines. The choice of device depends on the specific skincare goals and the areas of the body targeted for treatment.

Device Setup and Preparation

Setting up a red light therapy device is generally straightforward, especially for at-home consumer models. Many devices, such as the Joovv generation 2.0, require a simple, one-time assembly process. Manufacturers typically provide detailed setup guides to assist users. For example, Joovv offers specific setup guides for different models, including the Joovv Go 2.0, single devices, and multiple device kits, along with assembly guides for accessories like mobile stands and door mount systems Set Up Your Joovv 3.0 Red Light Therapy System. Before starting any treatment, it is important to ensure the device is correctly assembled and positioned according to the manufacturer's instructions. This includes understanding power connections, mounting options, and any calibration steps. Proper setup is crucial for the safe and effective operation of the device.

Timing in Your Skincare Routine

The ideal time to use red light therapy in a skincare routine often depends on the type of products being used. Generally, it is recommended to use red light therapy on clean, bare skin. This allows the light to penetrate the skin without any barriers that might interfere with its absorption, such as thick creams or makeup. After cleansing, and before applying serums, moisturizers, or sunscreens, is often the most effective window. This ensures that the light reaches the mitochondria directly, maximizing the cellular energy boost. Some practitioners suggest using red light therapy in the morning to kickstart cellular activity for the day, while others prefer evening sessions to support skin repair and regeneration overnight. Consistency is more important than the exact time of day, but fitting it into a routine where the skin is clean and free of occlusive products is key.

Combining with Skincare Products

When combining red light therapy with skincare products, the order of application matters. After a red light session on clean skin, the skin's cells are energized and potentially more receptive to absorbing beneficial ingredients. This makes it an excellent time to apply serums containing active ingredients like hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, or peptides. These ingredients can then penetrate more effectively into the stimulated skin. Thicker creams or occlusive products, like heavy moisturizers or oils, should typically be applied after serums and after the red light therapy session. Sunscreen should always be the last step in a morning routine. While red light therapy is non-heating and non-damaging, it's a good practice to avoid using products that could cause photosensitivity, such as retinoids or strong exfoliants, immediately before a session, just to prevent any potential irritation, though interaction is generally minimal. Jared Jagdeo, MD, founding director of the Center for Photomedicine at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, notes that red light therapy (RLT) is a type of photomedicine, which is "the use of light to treat skin and other health conditions" Everyday Health's Beginner's Guide to Red Light Therapy. This highlights its therapeutic nature, suggesting it should be treated as a treatment step rather than a cosmetic one.

What Are the General Usage Guidelines for Red Light Therapy Devices?

Following general usage guidelines for red light therapy devices is essential to ensure both safety and effectiveness in achieving desired skincare and wellness outcomes. Devices like the Joovv Go 2.0 are specifically designed to provide topical heating, which elevates tissue temperature for a range of therapeutic purposes. Understanding these indications and how to manage treatment parameters is key to maximizing benefits.

Intended Uses and Benefits

The primary indications for use with devices such as the Joovv Go 2.0 include temporary relief of minor muscle pain and minor arthritis pain. These devices also aim for a temporary increase in local blood circulation and temporary relaxation of muscles Joovv Go 2.0 Treatment Guidelines. While these benefits are often associated with physical recovery and pain management, the underlying mechanisms—improved circulation and cellular energy—also contribute significantly to skin health. Increased blood flow to the skin brings more oxygen and nutrients, which are vital for cell regeneration and repair, leading to a healthier complexion. The relaxation of muscles can also help reduce tension that contributes to certain types of wrinkles.

Session Duration and Frequency

The optimal duration and frequency of red light therapy sessions can vary depending on the device, the specific condition being treated, and individual response. Most manufacturers provide recommended treatment times, which typically range from 5 to 20 minutes per session. For skincare, shorter, more frequent sessions might be more beneficial than longer, infrequent ones. For example, many users find success with daily 10-minute sessions or sessions every other day. It is important to adhere to the manufacturer's guidelines for your specific device, as exceeding recommended times does not necessarily lead to better or faster results and could potentially lead to overstimulation or mild irritation for sensitive individuals. Consistency is key, as the benefits of red light therapy accumulate over time with regular use.

Device Positioning and Distance

Proper positioning of the red light therapy device is crucial for effective treatment. The distance between the device and the skin can impact the intensity and penetration of the light. Manufacturers usually specify an optimal distance, often ranging from 6 to 12 inches from the skin. Placing the device too far away might reduce its efficacy, while placing it too close could concentrate the light too intensely, though red light therapy is non-heating. For devices like facial masks, the distance is pre-set, but for panels and wands, users need to maintain the recommended distance. Ensuring the light covers the entire target area evenly is also important. For example, if treating the face, ensure the light reaches all facial contours.

Customizing Treatment with Mobile Apps

Many modern red light therapy devices, particularly advanced systems like Joovv, offer integration with mobile applications. These apps provide users with additional features and the ability to customize treatment times and settings. Through a mobile app, users can often select specific treatment protocols for different concerns, track their usage, and receive reminders for sessions. This level of customization allows individuals to tailor their red light therapy experience to their unique needs and schedule, enhancing convenience and adherence to treatment plans. Accessing these app features can help optimize the overall effectiveness and experience of using red light therapy. These apps help users manage their routine and ensure they are getting the most out of their device.

Cleaning and Maintenance

Maintaining the cleanliness of your red light therapy device is important for hygiene and optimal performance. Before and after each use, especially if the device directly touches the skin, it is advisable to wipe down the surface with a soft, clean cloth and a mild, non-abrasive disinfectant. This helps prevent the transfer of oils, makeup, or bacteria. Always refer to the manufacturer's cleaning instructions, as some devices may have specific recommendations. Proper storage of the device in a dry, clean place away from extreme temperatures and direct sunlight will also extend its lifespan and ensure it remains in good working condition. Regular maintenance contributes to the long-term safety and effectiveness of the therapy.

How Does Red Light Therapy Work at a Cellular Level?

Red light therapy operates on a fundamental cellular level, leveraging the power of specific light wavelengths to trigger a cascade of beneficial biological responses. This intricate process involves both visible red light and invisible near-infrared light, each playing a distinct role in penetrating the skin and interacting with cellular components to enhance overall cell function. Understanding these deep cellular mechanisms reveals why red light therapy is so effective for skin health and beyond.

The Role of Visible Red and Near-Infrared Light

Red light therapy utilizes two main types of light: visible red light and invisible near-infrared light. Visible red light, typically ranging from 620 to 700 nanometers (nm), targets the more superficial layers of the skin. This makes it particularly effective for addressing surface-level skin concerns such as fine lines, wrinkles, and inflammatory conditions like acne and psoriasis. Its shallower penetration allows it to stimulate collagen production and improve skin texture directly in the epidermis and upper dermis.

Invisible near-infrared (NIR) light, with wavelengths typically between 700 and 1000 nm, penetrates much deeper into the tissues. This deeper penetration allows NIR light to reach muscles, joints, and even bones, making it suitable for addressing underlying issues such as chronic wounds, muscle recovery, and deeper inflammatory processes. When these lights hit the skin at specific wavelengths, the light particles, or photons, penetrate beneath the surface of the skin. This dual-action approach ensures comprehensive treatment, from the skin's surface to its deeper foundational layers.

Photon Absorption by Mitochondria

The core mechanism of red light therapy lies in the absorption of these light particles, or photons, by the mitochondria within our cells. Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell because they are responsible for generating most of the chemical energy needed to power a cell's biochemical reactions. Inside the mitochondria, there is a specific protein called cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). This protein acts as a chromophore, meaning it absorbs light. When photons from red and near-infrared light are absorbed by CCO, it initiates a series of cellular events that significantly boost cellular energy production.

This absorption is akin to charging a tiny battery within each cell. The light energy directly fuels the mitochondria, allowing them to function more efficiently. This foundational interaction is what sets red light therapy apart, as it directly impacts the energy production capabilities of the cells, rather than just treating symptoms.

Increased ATP Production

The absorption of photons by cytochrome c oxidase leads to a crucial outcome: increased production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, essential for virtually all cellular processes, including repair, regeneration, and normal function. When cells have more ATP, they can perform their tasks more efficiently and effectively. For skin cells, this means an enhanced ability to produce collagen and elastin, repair damaged tissues, and fight off environmental stressors.

More energy also translates to faster cellular turnover and improved metabolic activity within the skin. This boost in cellular energy is the driving force behind many of the observed benefits of red light therapy, from reducing wrinkles to accelerating wound healing. The cells are literally given more fuel to do their job, leading to a healthier and more vibrant appearance.

Activation of Antioxidant Defenses and Nitric Oxide Release

Beyond ATP production, the cellular stimulation from red light therapy activates the body’s antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, is a major contributor to cellular damage and aging. By boosting antioxidant activity, red light therapy helps to neutralize harmful free radicals, protecting cells from damage and promoting a healthier cellular environment. This reduction in oxidative stress is vital for maintaining skin integrity and preventing premature aging.

Furthermore, the process leads to the release of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator, meaning it helps to relax and widen blood vessels. This improves local blood vessel function and significantly enhances circulation. Better blood flow means more oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the cells, and waste products are more efficiently removed. This improved circulation is critical for tissue repair, reducing inflammation, and overall cellular regeneration. In the skin, this leads to a healthier glow, reduced redness, and accelerated healing. The combination of increased ATP, enhanced antioxidant defenses, and improved circulation through nitric oxide release creates a powerful synergistic effect that promotes optimal skin health and function.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use red light therapy every day?

Yes, red light therapy is generally considered safe for daily use. For most people, the therapy is low risk because the wavelengths used do not heat the skin, and side effects are rare LHM Physical Therapy Institute on Red Light Therapy. Consistent, regular sessions, often 5-20 minutes daily or every other day, can lead to cumulative benefits for skin health, such as improved collagen production and reduced inflammation. Always follow your device's specific guidelines for frequency and duration to ensure optimal results without overdoing it.

Do I need to clean my skin before red light therapy?

Yes, it is highly recommended to use red light therapy on clean, bare skin. This allows the light particles, or photons, to penetrate beneath the surface of the skin without obstruction from makeup, dirt, or oils Atria Health Institute's Guide to Red Light Therapy. A clean surface ensures maximum absorption of the beneficial light wavelengths by the mitochondria. Always cleanse your face thoroughly before a session to optimize the therapy's effectiveness and maintain hygiene.

What kind of skincare products should I use with red light therapy?

After a red light therapy session, the skin's cells are energized and potentially more receptive to absorbing active ingredients. This is an ideal time to apply serums containing beneficial ingredients like hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, or peptides. Avoid using thick or occlusive products, such as heavy creams or oils, immediately before a session, as they can create a barrier. Sunscreen should always be the last step in your morning routine, applied after your red light session and other skincare products.

How long should a red light therapy session be for skincare?

Most red light therapy device manufacturers recommend session durations ranging from 5 to 20 minutes for skincare purposes. For instance, devices like the Joovv Go 2.0 are intended for specific therapeutic benefits, and their guidelines for use factor in optimal session times Joovv Go 2.0 Treatment Guidelines. It is crucial to follow the specific instructions provided with your FDA-approved device, as exceeding the recommended time does not necessarily enhance results and may lead to mild irritation for sensitive individuals. Consistency over duration is often more impactful.

Are there any side effects of combining red light therapy with skincare products?

For most people, combining red light therapy with skincare products, when done in the correct order, carries minimal side effects. Red light therapy is generally considered low risk and non-damaging LHM Physical Therapy Institute on Red Light Therapy. However, if you have light-sensitive skin, you may experience mild redness or irritation, especially if using strong active ingredients immediately before a session. Always test new products and therapies cautiously, and avoid direct eye exposure by using protective eyewear during treatment.