How to Choose Your First Red Light Therapy Device

Last updated: April 2026

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any treatment.

Affiliate Disclosure: We may earn a commission when you purchase through our links. This does not affect our editorial independence.

Quick Answer

Red light therapy, or photobiomodulation, uses specific light wavelengths to boost cellular energy (ATP) production in mitochondria, helping cells repair and function better.
Light therapy has been around for more than 50 years, discovered by Hungarian physician Endre Mester in the 1960s.
Benefits include reducing inflammation, easing pain, speeding muscle recovery, improving skin appearance, and enhancing wound healing.
Always choose an FDA-approved device; the Joovv Go 2.0 is an over-the-counter Class II medical device, and protective eyewear is recommended to avoid direct eye exposure.

Red light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level light therapy (LLLT), is a non-invasive treatment that applies specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light directly to the skin. This method is distinct from tanning beds or UV rays because it is non-heating and non-damaging, making it appealing for a wide array of wellness goals. The process works by targeting the mitochondria within cells, increasing the production of ATP (cellular energy), which in turn helps cells repair faster, work harder, and function more effectively. This innovative approach to wellness has a history spanning over 50 years, with its origins tracing back to Hungarian physician Endre Mester's discoveries in the 1960s. When considering your first device, it is crucial to look for FDA-approved options and prioritize safety, such as using protective eyewear during treatments.

What is Red Light Therapy and How Does It Work?

Red light therapy is a low-level light treatment using specific wavelengths of infrared and near-infrared light applied directly to the skin. This method is also known as photobiomodulation, photostimulation, or cold laser treatment, and it differs significantly from other light-based treatments like tanning beds because it is non-heating and non-damaging. Travis Baughman, PT, DPT, Cert.MDT, from LHM® Physical Therapy Institute, explained that "Red light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, is a low-level light treatment that uses infrared and near-infrared light applied directly to the skin. Unlike tanning beds or UV rays, it’s non-heating and non-damaging—making it appealing for a wide range of wellness goals" (https://lhmphysicaltherapy.com/news/red-light-therapy-guide/).

The Science Behind Photobiomodulation

The core mechanism of red light therapy involves light particles, or photons, penetrating beneath the surface of the skin. These photons are then absorbed by a specific protein called cytochrome c oxidase, which is found inside the mitochondria, often referred to as the cell's powerhouses. This absorption triggers a cascade of cellular events. The primary outcome is an increased production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the fundamental energy currency of the cell. Praveen Arany, PhD, DDS, an associate professor at the University of Buffalo, stated, "There’s another term for light therapy, and that is photobiomodulation (or PBM for short). Other terms for the same thing are low-level laser treatment (LLLT), photostimulation, and cold laser treatment" (https://www.everydayhealth.com/wellness/red-light-therapy/guide/).

Beyond ATP production, the process also activates the body’s antioxidant defenses, which helps to reduce oxidative stress within cells. Additionally, it leads to the release of nitric oxide, a molecule known to improve blood vessel function and support tissue repair. With this boost in cellular energy and improved cellular environment, cells can perform their functions more efficiently, including repair and regeneration. This increased cellular activity is critical for various health and wellness benefits.

A Brief History of Light Therapy

Light therapy is not a new concept; it has been around for more than 50 years. Its discovery is attributed to the Hungarian physician Endre Mester in the 1960s. Mester's scientific experiments involved using red lasers on rats, which unexpectedly led to observations of hair growth and accelerated wound healing. For many years following these initial discoveries, light therapy was largely dismissed and considered by many to be a dubious practice. However, with the accumulation of new research, the scientific community has increasingly begun to acknowledge and take notice of its potential. Jared Jagdeo, MD, founding director of the Center for Photomedicine at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, clarified that "Red light therapy (RLT) is a type of photomedicine, which is 'the use of light to treat skin and other health conditions'" (https://www.everydayhealth.com/wellness/red-light-therapy/guide/). This growing body of evidence has steadily lent scientific credibility to the technique, moving it from the fringes of wellness to a more mainstream non-invasive treatment approach.

What Are the Proven Benefits of Red Light Therapy?

Red light therapy offers a wide range of potential benefits, primarily stemming from its ability to enhance cellular function and promote healing. The increased cellular activity resulting from red light exposure is directly linked to improved blood flow, increased collagen and elastin production, a significant reduction in inflammation, and accelerated tissue healing (https://lhmphysicaltherapy.com/news/red-light-therapy-guide/). These fundamental biological changes contribute to numerous health and wellness improvements that people seek when using red light therapy.

Pain Relief and Muscle Recovery

One of the most common reasons individuals turn to red light therapy is for pain relief. It has shown promise in easing various types of pain, including joint pain, the discomfort associated with osteoarthritis, and general muscle soreness. Athletes and individuals recovering from injuries or surgeries also utilize red light therapy for faster muscle recovery. The enhanced cellular energy and reduced inflammation contribute to quicker repair of muscle tissues, helping to get individuals back to their activities sooner. The Joovv Go 2.0, for instance, is an over-the-counter Class II medical device specifically indicated for the temporary relief of minor muscle pain and minor arthritis pain, as well as for a temporary increase in local blood circulation and temporary relaxation of muscles (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/joovv-go-2-0-treatment-guidelines?srsltid=AfmBOoon97PS8cNJHnF_T7nev0HorCcVruYSz6M36MK9Bqe_A3BdXMB).

Skin Health and Wound Healing

Red light therapy is widely recognized for its benefits in improving overall skin health. It can significantly enhance skin appearance by reducing wrinkles, boosting the natural production of collagen, and increasing skin elasticity. Collagen and elastin are vital proteins that give skin its structure and youthful bounce, and their increased production can lead to smoother, firmer skin. Beyond aesthetic improvements, red light therapy also plays a crucial role in managing inflammatory skin conditions such as acne and psoriasis. For those dealing with wounds, red light therapy accelerates tissue repair, improves circulation to the affected area, and helps reduce scar formation, supporting recovery from chronic wounds, burns, and surgical incisions. The Atria Health Institute highlights that red light therapy "improves skin appearance by reducing wrinkles, boosting collagen, and increasing elasticity" and "accelerates tissue repair, improves circulation, and reduces scar formation, supporting recovery from chronic wounds, burns, and surgical incisions" (https://atria.org/education/your-guide-to-red-light-therapy/). For more details, see LHM Physical Therapy Institute's guide.

Other Potential Applications

While pain relief, muscle recovery, and skin health are prominent uses, red light therapy is also explored for other applications. In some cases, it has been shown to support hair growth. This potential benefit is attributed to the therapy's ability to stimulate cellular activity in hair follicles, promoting healthier hair cycles. Whether someone is an athlete aiming for peak performance, recovering from an injury, or simply seeking better skin health, red light therapy offers a range of potential benefits worth exploring. It is a versatile tool that harnesses the power of specific light wavelengths to support the body's natural healing and regenerative processes.

Is Red Light Therapy Safe for Beginners?

For most individuals, red light therapy is generally considered to be a low-risk treatment. The specific wavelengths of light used in these devices do not generate heat on the skin's surface, which minimizes the risk of burns or discomfort. As a result, side effects are quite rare, making it an appealing option for beginners interested in exploring its benefits. However, like any wellness treatment, certain precautions are important to ensure a safe and positive experience.

Important Safety Considerations

While generally safe, individuals with particularly light-sensitive skin might experience some mild reactions. This could manifest as temporary redness or slight irritation on the treated areas. It's always a good practice for beginners to start with shorter treatment durations and gradually increase exposure as their skin adjusts. This cautious approach allows the body to adapt to the therapy and helps identify any sensitivities early on.

A critical safety measure for all users, especially beginners, is to avoid direct eye exposure to the intense light emitted by red light therapy devices. The wavelengths, while beneficial for skin and deeper tissues, can be too intense for the eyes. Therefore, protective eyewear is strongly recommended during treatments. Many reputable devices come with specialized goggles or glasses designed to block the specific wavelengths used, ensuring the safety of your vision. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions for eye protection guidelines.

The Importance of FDA Approval

A cornerstone of ensuring safety and efficacy when choosing a red light therapy device is to select one that is FDA-approved. The FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) approval indicates that the device has met certain standards for safety and performance, providing a level of assurance for consumers. This approval signifies that the device has been reviewed for its intended use and that the benefits outweigh any potential risks. For example, the Joovv Go 2.0 is classified as an over-the-counter Class II medical device, meaning it has met specific regulatory requirements for safety and effectiveness in its indicated uses (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/joovv-go-2-0-treatment-guidelines?srsltid=AfmBOoon97PS8cNJHnF_T7nev0HorCcVruYSz6M36MK9Bqe_A3BdXMB). Choosing an FDA-approved device helps ensure that you are using a product that has undergone scrutiny and is designed to deliver the promised therapeutic effects without undue risk. When beginning your red light therapy journey, prioritizing a device with this certification is a wise decision for both your health and peace of mind.

What Types of Red Light Therapy Devices Are Available?

The market for red light therapy devices has expanded significantly, offering a variety of options designed to meet different needs and target specific areas of the body. From small, portable tools to large, full-body systems, there's a device type for nearly every wellness goal. Understanding the different forms these devices take can help beginners choose the most suitable option for their initial foray into red light therapy.

Personal and Targeted Devices

For those looking to treat smaller, specific areas or who prioritize portability, several device types are available. Face masks are a popular choice for improving general skin health, targeting issues like wrinkles, acne, and elasticity directly on the face. These masks are designed to deliver consistent light exposure to facial skin. Wearable caps, on the other hand, are often used for hair growth support, delivering red light directly to the scalp. Handheld wands offer versatility, allowing users to apply concentrated light therapy to various body parts, such as joints, muscles, or specific blemishes. These smaller devices are convenient for targeted treatments and often come with simple operation instructions. The Atria Health Institute notes that "Red light therapy can be administered through masks you wear over the face, wearable caps, hand-held wands that can be applied to other body parts, and via panels suitable for larger areas such as legs or arms" (https://atria.org/education/your-guide-to-red-light-therapy/).

Larger Panels and Full-Body Systems

For treating larger areas of the body, such as the back, legs, or arms, or for those seeking more comprehensive whole-body benefits, larger panels and full-body systems are available. These devices typically consist of multiple LED lights arranged in a panel that can be mounted or freestanding. They are designed to cover a greater surface area, making them ideal for muscle recovery after workouts, widespread pain relief, or overall skin rejuvenation across larger sections of the body. Some brands, like Joovv, offer modular systems where multiple panels can be combined to create a larger treatment area, or even full-body setups. For example, the Joovv 3.0 system provides various accessories like mobile stands and door mount systems to accommodate different setup preferences for larger devices (https://joovv.com/pages/setup-3-0?srsltid=AfmBOopvS1-MV-iOBszSbVWPoeADihmG0jr3FxQz9Quwd8g4Q2QcXahb). For more details, see Atria Health Institute on red light therapy.

Medical Device Classifications

When selecting a device, it's helpful to be aware of its medical device classification, as this indicates the level of regulatory oversight it has undergone. Devices like the Joovv Go 2.0 are classified as over-the-counter Class II medical devices. This classification signifies that the device emits energy in the visible and infrared spectrum and is intended to provide topical heating. Its specified indications for use include temporary relief of minor muscle pain, minor arthritis pain, temporary increase in local blood circulation, and temporary relaxation of muscles (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/joovv-go-2-0-treatment-guidelines?srsltid=AfmBOoon97PS8cNJHnF_T7nev0HorCcVruYSz6M36MK9Bqe_A3BdXMB). Understanding these classifications and indications can help beginners choose a device that aligns with their specific therapeutic goals and provides assurance of safety and efficacy.

How Do You Choose Your First Red Light Device?

Choosing your first red light therapy device can feel overwhelming with the variety of options available. However, by focusing on a few key factors, you can make an informed decision that best suits your individual needs and wellness objectives. The goal is to find a device that is effective, safe, and convenient for your lifestyle.

Define Your Wellness Goals

The very first step in selecting a device is to clearly identify your specific wellness goals. Are you primarily looking for pain relief from joint issues or muscle soreness? Do you want to accelerate muscle recovery after intense workouts? Or is your main focus on improving skin appearance, reducing wrinkles, or managing conditions like acne? Different devices are optimized for different applications. For instance, a handheld wand might be perfect for targeted pain relief on a specific joint, while a face mask would be ideal for comprehensive facial skin rejuvenation. If you're an athlete, a larger panel might be more suitable for full-body recovery. The LHM Physical Therapy Institute notes that people use red light therapy for "pain relief for joint pain, osteoarthritis, and muscle soreness," "faster muscle recovery," "enhanced wound healing," and "hair growth support" (https://lhmphysicaltherapy.com/news/red-light-therapy-guide/). Clearly defining your primary use case will narrow down your choices considerably.

Prioritize FDA Approval and Efficacy

As previously discussed, always look for devices that are FDA-approved. This certification is a strong indicator of both safety and efficacy, meaning the device has been reviewed and deemed appropriate for its intended therapeutic claims. Without FDA approval, you cannot be certain of the device's safety standards or its ability to deliver the promised results. Beyond approval, consider the specific wavelengths the device uses. Reputable devices typically emit visible red light (around 630-660 nm) for more superficial skin treatments and invisible near-infrared light (around 810-850 nm) for deeper penetration into muscles and tissues. These specific wavelengths are crucial for triggering the cellular processes that lead to benefits. The Atria Health Institute emphasizes that red light therapy "has steadily gained scientific credibility" (https://atria.org/education/your-guide-to-red-light-therapy/), which is often reflected in FDA-approved devices using proven wavelengths.

Consider Device Type and Portability

Evaluate the type of device based on the area you intend to treat and your lifestyle. If you need to treat small, specific areas or require a device you can easily travel with, a handheld wand or a compact device like the Joovv Go 2.0 might be the best fit. For facial treatments, a dedicated mask offers convenience and consistent coverage. If you plan to treat larger body areas or desire a more immersive experience, a larger panel or a full-body system would be more appropriate. These larger systems often require more space for setup but can cover significant portions of the body simultaneously. Think about where you will use the device and how much space you have available.

Ease of Use and Additional Features

Finally, consider the user-friendliness of the device. For beginners, a simple setup and clear treatment guidelines are invaluable. Some devices, like those from Joovv, provide detailed setup guides and instructions to help users get started easily (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/treatment-guidelines-2?srsltid=AfmBOoq4RPQ5yV7tB0p0aesg72K5m6yyoPrRzEG0Tw-Ercxf_jn0mB6b). Look for features that enhance the user experience, such as customizable treatment times, built-in timers, or even mobile app integration that allows you to control the device from your smartphone. Some devices may also be HSA/FSA eligible, which can be a significant benefit for cost savings. By weighing these factors against your personal needs and budget, you can confidently choose your first red light therapy device.

How to Use Your Red Light Therapy Device

Once you have selected your first red light therapy device, understanding how to properly set it up and use it is crucial for maximizing its benefits and ensuring a safe experience. While specific instructions will vary by manufacturer and device model, there are general guidelines that apply to most red light therapy systems.

Initial Setup and Assembly

The first step after unboxing your device is to follow the specific setup guides provided by the manufacturer. Many devices, particularly larger panel systems, require a straightforward, one-time assembly. For example, Joovv provides detailed setup guides for their 3.0 systems, including instructions for single devices, multiple device kits, mobile stands, and door mount systems (https://joovv.com/pages/setup-3-0?srsltid=AfmBOopvS1-MV-iOBszSbVWPoeADihmG0jr3FxQz9Quwd8g4Q2QcXahb). These guides typically include visual aids and step-by-step instructions to ensure correct assembly and placement. It is important to dedicate time to this initial setup to ensure the device is stable, properly connected, and positioned for effective treatment. Incorrect assembly can not only hinder performance but also pose safety risks. For more details, see Everyday Health's beginner guide to RLT.

Adhering to Treatment Guidelines

After setup, carefully review the treatment guidelines provided by the manufacturer. These guidelines are essential as they detail recommended treatment distances, durations, and frequency for optimal results. For instance, general guidelines for Joovv Generation 2.0 devices cover the basics from setup to your first light therapy treatment (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/treatment-guidelines-2?srsltid=AfmBOoq4RPP5yV7tB0p0aesg72K5m6yyoPrRzEG0Tw-Ercxf_jn0mB6b). These instructions are based on research and testing to ensure the device delivers the appropriate light dosage for its intended effects. Ignoring these recommendations could lead to suboptimal results or, in rare cases, mild irritation if you have sensitive skin. Always remember to use protective eyewear during treatments, as direct exposure to the intense light can be harmful to the eyes.

Integrating into Your Routine and Advanced Features

Incorporating red light therapy into your daily routine should be a consistent practice to see the best results. Many manufacturers offer suggestions on how to seamlessly integrate their devices into your lifestyle. For example, Joovv provides ideas on "5 Ways to Implement Joovv Into Your Daily Routine," suggesting how to make red light therapy a regular part of your wellness regimen (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/5-ways-to-implement-red-light-therapy?srsltid=AfmBOoriIoUCBcvyYlyPec58xpWz79bE7s5RJZovAJfdIlnyvIIK8qpb). Modern red light therapy devices often come with advanced features designed to enhance convenience and customization. Many models, particularly those from leading brands, offer mobile apps that allow users to access additional features. These apps can provide personalized treatment plans, track usage, and enable you to customize treatment times directly from your smartphone. This level of control allows you to tailor your sessions precisely to your needs, whether you are targeting pain relief, muscle recovery, or skin health. By following setup instructions, adhering to treatment guidelines, and utilizing available smart features, beginners can effectively use their red light therapy device and experience its potential benefits.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between red light therapy and photobiomodulation?

There is no difference; these terms refer to the same treatment. Red light therapy is a common name, while photobiomodulation (PBM) is a more scientific term for the process. Praveen Arany, PhD, DDS, noted that other terms like low-level laser treatment (LLLT), photostimulation, and cold laser treatment also describe the same therapy (https://www.everydayhealth.com/wellness/red-light-therapy/guide/). All these terms describe a low-level light treatment that uses specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light to stimulate cellular processes.

Can red light therapy help with pain relief?

Yes, red light therapy is commonly used for pain relief. It is linked to reduced inflammation and accelerated tissue healing, which can ease pain from joint conditions, osteoarthritis, and muscle soreness. The Joovv Go 2.0, for instance, is an over-the-counter Class II medical device indicated for temporary relief of minor muscle pain and minor arthritis pain (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/joovv-go-2-0-treatment-guidelines?srsltid=AfmBOoon97PS8cNJHnF_T7nev0HorCcVruYSz6M36MK9Bqe_A3BdXMB). By increasing cellular energy (ATP), cells can repair faster, contributing to pain reduction.

Is red light therapy safe for the eyes?

While red light therapy is generally safe for most people, direct eye exposure should be avoided. The intense light wavelengths can be harmful to the eyes. Protective eyewear is strongly recommended during treatments to shield your vision (https://lhmphysicaltherapy.com/news/red-light-therapy-guide/). Always follow the manufacturer's specific instructions regarding eye protection.

How long has red light therapy been around?

Light therapy, including red light therapy, has been around for more than 50 years. Its origins trace back to the 1960s, with discoveries made by Hungarian physician Endre Mester. Mester's experiments with red lasers on rats showed unexpected benefits like hair growth and wound healing (https://www.everydayhealth.com/wellness/red-light-therapy/guide/). Despite initial skepticism, scientific interest and credibility have steadily grown.

What should I look for when buying my first red light therapy device?

When buying your first device, look for FDA-approved products to ensure safety and efficacy. Consider your specific wellness goals, such as pain relief, muscle recovery, or skin health, as this will help determine the appropriate device type (e.g., mask, wand, panel). Devices like the Joovv Go 2.0 are Class II medical devices, indicating specific regulatory compliance (https://joovv.com/blogs/joovv-blog/joovv-go-2-0-treatment-guidelines?srsltid=AfmBOoon97PS8cNJHnF_T7nev0HorCcVruYSz6M36MK9Bqe_A3BdXMB). Also, check for clear setup guides and customizable features, possibly through a mobile app.